Classroom clipper, Vol. I, No. 4, January 1945

              CLASSROOM CLIPPER
January, 1945	Vol. I No. 4
CHICAGO AVIATION CONFERENCE SETS UP FRAMEWORK
FOR FUTURE INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT SERVICES
Interim Agreement Paves Way For Immediate Expansions After V-Day
By John Stuart
Aviation Writer, New York Times
In non-technical language the results of the November-long International Civil Aviation Conference at Chicago may be summed up in two statements:
1.	Tentative agreement has been reached covering vast fields of flying by 53 nations. They recognize the right of
• non-commercial flight over one another’s territories, and they go far towards the establishment of a lingua franca of the air, whereby such things as signals, markings, weather reports, rules of the air roads, airports and technical regulations will be standardized throughout the world.
2.	They established in a proposed international organization the framework for the development of international air lines as soon as the war ends and in that framework there exists the widest opportunity for the development of international air transport under the American flag to serve almost any traffic offered any place in the world.
Under the documents signed at Chicago or to be signed soon, service can be started without restriction as to frequencies, rates, or traffic to be carried with Afghanistan, China, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, the Philippines, Sweden, Turkey, Uruguay, Venezuela and Denmark. These are the nations which signed, not only the permanent and interim agreements but the so-called “five freedoms” under which sources of traffic are practically unrestricted. Others may yet sign.
By the mere act of negotiating bilateral agreements, service can be begun to Chile, Egypt, France, Greece, India, Iraq, Liberia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Spain, and the United Kingdom.
That’s the score as this is written. It is likely that other nations may have accepted one or the other methods of starting international air transport before this is printed. Chief among the nations who had to refer the signature of an agreement back to their govern-
ments are Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Salvador, Ethiopia, Guatemala, Iran, Luxembourg, Norway, Persia, Paraguay, Panama, South Africa and Yugoslavia.
While the two methods of starting international air service differ widely in theory, it is predicted that in practice they will work very much alike. Led by the British, a number of nations were unwilling to concede the “fifth freedom” at Chicago. This included the right of international long lines to pick up traffic in one country along the line and deliver it to another, as distinct from their generally recognized right to carry traffic from the home land outward and from any place back to the home land.
Most of the nations were unwilling to sign the third and fourth freedoms — for in and out homeland traffic — without a ban on the fifth. Hence the two approaches to the solution of the problem.
The United Kingdom came to the conference with a plan that would have
Christmas, 1944, was a “Good Neighbor” festival.
For months, the cargo holds of the international Clippers that fly the trade routes between the Americas have carried in increasing volume, the manufactured articles of Latin America and the U.S. — gifts for all “good neighbors.”
This year, Santa Claus took advantage of the fastest means of transport to speed his annual rounds. He has forsaken his sleigh and faithful reindeer—Dasher, Dancer, Prancer, Vixen, Comet, Cupid, Donner and Blitzen—for the fast giants of the sky. And, wherever “Papa Noel,” as he is known to Brazilian children, went, he left behind him gifts representative of every nation in the hemisphere.
Since late summer, the Clippers of Pan American World Airways and the transports of Panagra (Pan American-Grace Airways) have carried Argentine handbags, Peruvian silver, Brazil-
greatly limited international air service. Their plea for it was a frank one. They pointed out that Great Britain had borne the heat and burden of the war and had devoted its constructive capacities to fighting airplanes while the United States, by agreement, also built transports. Hence, said Lord Swinton, chief of the British delegation, all nations should start even when civil air transport began. To do which the British presented a plan which would have rigidly divided frequencies between any two nations desiring air service on a fifty-fifty basis.
To this Canada proposed a concession. Under the Canadian plan, while such nations would start on a theoretical fifty-fifty basis, an “escalator clause” would have permitted one nation to increase its services as compared to the other upon a showing that its ships were carrying over any twelve month period more than sixty per cent payload because of better airplanes or superior operating efficiency.
In the end the United Kingdom, (Continued on page 8)
ian furs north and American-made clothes, rayons and fountain pens have been flown southward over the Caribbean to Latin American shops.
Up from the Argentine, in shipments averaging over one-half ton each, came ladies’ handbags, featured in the smart shops on Manhattan’s well-known Fifth and Madison avenues. Other leather goods, wallets and cases of various types arrived from the Argentine, and the popularity of these items attests their fine craftsmanship and materials.
Bustling Buenos Aires ships unfinished Jaguar skins north to the U.S. for use as trimming on women’s fashions and many of these appeared on gift clothing and hats this Christmas.
Brazil also ships furs to the U.S. by Clipper, in batches of one thousand pounds each. From the cities of Forte-leza and Sao Salvador; Ocelot skins are flown to the U.S., to serve the sames purposes as hides of their Argentine (Continued on page 7)
SANTA CLAUS USES AIR CARGO SERVICE FOR INTER-AMERICAN CHRISTMAS GIFTS